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The Dirofilaria immitis, repens (qPCR) product is used to detect sequences specific to the nematodes Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in DNA preparations obtained from dog blood.
Kit size: 100 reactions
Reaction: triplex (FAM: D. immitis, HEX: internal control), Texas Red: D. repens
Internal control: exogenous/endogenous
Determination: qualitative/quantitative
Kit components:
The nematodes Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens are the most important vector-borne heartworms infecting carnivores (mainly dogs) and can also cause disease in humans. D. immitis causes severe heart and lung disease. Adult D. repens worms localize in the subcutaneous tissue, sometimes causing mild skin lesions. In recent years, heartworms have also been recognized worldwide as new human pathogens.
Dilofilaria infections in dogs, cats, and humans are common in the Mediterranean region. Infections are endemic in southern European countries: Italy, Greece, southern France, Spain, and Portugal. However, in recent years, these infections (especially D. repens) appear to be spreading from the Mediterranean region to Central Europe in countries such as Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Poland, Slovenia, and Switzerland. The spread of dirofilariasis to new areas has been linked to climate change, probably as a result of the spread of mosquito species that are vectors for these nematodes.
Infection with D. immitis in dogs can cause symptoms affecting the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. However, most of these infections are asymptomatic. In symptomatic cases following symptoms may occur: oughing, increased body temperature, abnormal heart and lung sounds, respiratory failure, shortness of breath, exercise intolerance, fainting, hepatomegaly, nosebleeds, ascites, and decreased appetite and weight.
Infection with D. immitis in humans can manifest itself through a range of clinical symptoms, including subcutaneous nodules, chest pain, coughing, hemoptysis, wheezing, low-grade fever, and malaise. Pulmonary dirofilariasis, caused by D. immitis, is usually asymptomatic; however, it can manifest as changes in the lungs that may resemble a malignant tumor. In some cases, patients may experience an acute inflammatory reaction in the form of pneumonia caused by pulmonary artery obstruction.
