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The Enterobius vermicularis/Ancylostoma duodenale (qPCR) product is used to detect sequences specific for the human pinworm Enterobius vermicularis and hookworm Ancylostoma duodenale in DNA preparations obtained from feces.
Kit size: 100 reactions
Reaction: triplex (FAM: human pinworm Enterobius vermicularis, HEX: internal control), Texas Red: Ancylostoma duodenale hookworm
Internal control: exogenous/endogenous
Determination: qualitative/quantitative
Human pinworm Enterobius vermicularis infects approximately 200 million people worldwide, despite the availability of effective medications. This parasite is widespread throughout the world, and pinworm infection is the most common worm infection in Western Europe and the United States. Most cases of infection occur in children, a condition known as enterobiasis. Transmission of this parasite from person to person occurs directly via the fecal-oral route and through finger contamination, or indirectly through contaminated objects in crowded populations. Infection with this parasite is often asymptomatic.
Infection with E. vermicularis usually manifests as perianal itching. However, other symptoms may also occur, such as chronic abdominal pain, urinary tract infection, salpingitis, eosinophilic inflammation of the ileum and colon, and abscesses. Other symptoms attributed to this parasite include nasal itching, appendicitis, vulvovaginitis, runny nose, and nighttime teeth grinding.
Hookworms are parasitic nematodes that live in the human small intestine and belong to the genera Ancylostoma and Necator. They are among the most dangerous parasites of the digestive tract due to their mode of parasitism and health effects. Adult hookworms attach themselves to the intestinal mucosa with their serrated mouthparts and feed on the host’s blood. This can lead to significant blood loss and severe iron deficiency.
Two species are of primary clinical importance: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. Together, they are responsible for 576 to 740 million human infections worldwide. Infection most commonly occurs through skin contact with contaminated soil, as well as through the consumption of contaminated water or food containing invasive larvae. The larvae penetrate the skin, enter the bloodstream, and then travel to the lungs and throat, where they are swallowed and eventually reach the small intestine.
Although most hookworm infections are asymptomatic, massive infestation can lead to serious health problems. A characteristic clinical symptom is iron deficiency anemia – the presence of as few as 20 adult worms can cause anemia. In children, infection can result in protein-energy malnutrition and delayed psychomotor and cognitive development. Symptoms may also include itching of the skin at the site of larval entry, coughing and shortness of breath during the pulmonary phase, and abdominal pain and diarrhea during the intestinal stage.
Hookworm infections are particularly common in developing countries, where access to basic hygiene and healthcare is often limited. Due to their prevalence and impact on child development and the overall health burden of the population, hookworms are a significant public health problem worldwide.
