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The Escherichia coli/Listeria monocytogenes/Streptococcus agalactiae (qPCR) product is used to detect sequences specific to Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria that cause CNS (central nervous system) diseases in DNA preparations obtained from human material.
Kit size: 100 markers
Reaction: fourplex (FAM: Escherichia coli, HEX: internal control, Texas Red: Listeria monocytogenes, Cy5: Streptococcus agalactiae)
Internal control: exogenous/endogenous
Determination: qualitative/quantitative
Kit components:
CNS (central nervous system) diseases caused by bacterial infections can lead to serious disorders in the functioning of the body. The most common are bacterial meningitis and encephalitis, which can be caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The symptoms of such infections often develop rapidly and may include fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, impaired consciousness, and seizures. Untreated infections can lead to permanent neurological damage or even be life-threatening, which is why rapid diagnosis and early antibiotic treatment are crucial. Thanks to vaccinations and modern treatment methods, the risk of serious complications can be significantly reduced.
Escherichia coli is a species of Gram-negative anaerobic rods belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. E. coli is part of the physiological intestinal microbiota of the human colon and other warm-blooded animals. It was first isolated in 1884 from infant feces. It was later discovered that E. coli colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of infants shortly after birth, within a few hours.
Escherichia strains usually coexist with humans, providing benefits and rarely causing disease, except in immunocompromised individuals. However, some E. coli strains have acquired virulence factors that allow them to cause various diseases. The transfer of these virulence factors between strains leads to new combinations in the genomes of different strains. Pathogenic E. coli strains cause three different diseases in humans, namely: urinary tract infections (UTIs), intestinal/diarrheal diseases, and sepsis/meningitis.
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause a range of diseases in humans, collectively known as listeriosis. L. monocytogenes is responsible for an average of 1,500 to 2,500 cases per year in Europe and the United States. Despite the relatively low incidence, infections are characterized by high mortality (20% to 50%) in susceptible populations (immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, the elderly, young people, and those suffering from chronic diseases). This high mortality rate places L. monocytogenes among the most common causes of death from foodborne diseases.
Highly virulent strains belonging to serotype 4b can be fatal even to healthy individuals. After ingestion, L. monocytogenes can attack the gastrointestinal epithelium and become a blood-borne pathogen. The invasive nature of L. monocytogenes leads to fatal diseases such as sepsis, encephalitis, and meningitis.
Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group B streptococcus (GBS), is a commensal microorganism that colonizes the lower gastrointestinal tract and urogenital tract. However, it is also the main causative agent of invasive infections in newborns, pregnant women, and elderly and immunocompromised patients. GBS is the leading cause of infectious diseases in newborns, such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The incidence of Streptococcus agalactiae infections in newborns ranges from 0.80 to 3.06 per 1,000 live births in developing countries.
The Escherichia coli/Listeria monocytogenes/Streptococcus agalactiae (qPCR) product allows for the detection of DNA sequences specific to three groups of pathogens that cause a number of diseases, including diseases of the central nervous system (CNS):
The DNA sequences of the above pathogens can be determined qualitatively. They are determined in a fourplex reaction. A fragment of the human genome serves as an internal control. This allows the product to monitor the quality of the biological material used for DNA extraction and the correct course of the DNA extraction process.
