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The IMP carbapenemase (qPCR) product is used to determine the sequence of genes encoding IMP carbapenemases in DNA preparations obtained from human material.
Kit size: 100 markers
Reaction: duplex (FAM: IMP-type carbapenemases, HEX: internal control)
Internal control: exogenous/endogenous
Determination: qualitative/quantitative
Kit components:
The most common mechanism of resistance of Enterobacterales to carbapenems is the production of carbapenemases, which mainly include KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP, and OXA-48-like. Most of them are encoded on plasmids. Therefore, carbapenem resistance genes spread easily through horizontal gene transfer. Another less common mechanism of carbapenem resistance is the combination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or AmpC expression and porin loss or overexpression of efflux pumps. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) resulting from the first mechanism are referred to as carbapenemase-producing CRE (CP-CRE). Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales resulting from the second mechanism are referred to as non-carbapenemase-producing CRE (non-CP-CRE).
Class B β-lactamases (MBL), which include IMP carbapenemases, represent the most distinct evolutionary and structural lineage of these enzymes, and their functional specificity is most notable for their dependence on zinc ions and their natural ability to hydrolyze carbapenems. The substrate spectrum of the vast majority of MBLs is very broad and also includes penicillins and first- to fourth-generation cephalosporins. The first case of the gene encoding IMP carbapenemase was reported in Japan in S. marcescens in the early 1990s. To date, more than 85 variants of the IMP gene sequence have been described. Variants of this gene occur mainly in Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species, as well as in the Enterobacteriaceae family.
