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The Respiratory Disease Panel (qPCR) product is used to detect sequences specific to three species of bacteria causing upper respiratory tract diseases in DNA preparations obtained from human nasopharyngeal swabs.
Kit size: 100 reactions
Reaction_1: triplex (FAM: Mycoplasmoides pneumoniae, HEX: internal control, Texas Red: Chlamydia pneumoniae)
Reaction_2: duplex (FAM: Fusobacterium necrophorum, HEX: internal control)
Internal control: exogenous/endogenous
Determination: qualitative/quantitative
Kit components:
Respiratory diseases are among the most common infections affecting humans, especially in the fall and winter seasons. They can be caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi, and their clinical course ranges from mild symptoms to severe inflammation. Among the bacteria that cause this type of infection, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasmoides pneumoniae play an important role, as they can cause chronic or atypical inflammation of the throat and bronchi.
Mycoplasmoides pneumoniae (formerly Mycoplasma pneumoniae) is a common cause of respiratory tract infections in humans, ranging from mild cases of tracheobronchitis to severe pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Extrapulmonary manifestations of this bacterium have also been reported. M. pneumoniae is responsible for 10-20% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia.
M. pneumoniae is endemic worldwide in a wide range of climates. Infections tend to be more common in summer or early autumn but can occur at any time of year. The clinical presentation of M. pneumoniae infection is highly variable. The most common symptom is tracheobronchitis, accompanied by a cough that may be dry or productive of mucoid or mucopurulent sputum. Many patients may have nonspecific symptoms resembling those of an upper respiratory tract infection, which may include headache, sore throat, runny nose, and otitis media.
Chlamydophila pneumoniae (formerly Chlamydia pneumoniae) is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that infects the respiratory tract. Most individuals are exposed to C. pneumoniae infections throughout their lives, with antibody prevalence reaching 50% in individuals aged 20 years and 80% in those aged 60–70 years. Although C. pneumoniae infection is mostly asymptomatic or mild, it can lead to acute upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses, including bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia.
The species F. necrophorum is divided into two subspecies, F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (biovar A) and F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme (biovar B). The former is considered the primary pathogen in animals, while the latter is responsible for human infections. F. necrophorum can cause a wide range of infections in humans, but it is most commonly known as the primary cause of Lemierre’s syndrome.
The classic clinical presentation of Lemierre’s syndrome is a young adult or adolescent with a history of sore throat or pharyngitis, followed by high fever (38–39°C) and chills beginning on the fourth or fifth day after the onset of the sore throat. This is usually accompanied by cervical lymphadenopathy and, commonly, unilateral internal jugular phlebitis. If left untreated, the infection is usually fatal within 7–15 days.
The Respiratory Disease Panel (qPCR) product allows for the detection of three species of bacteria involved in the development of respiratory diseases:
The above bacteria can be detected qualitatively. The bacteria are detected in two triplex or duplex reactions. One reaction is used to detect two species of bacteria and an exogenous internal control, while the other reaction detects one species of bacteria and an exogenous internal control.
